Mice were subcutaneously implanted with MC38 cells in the right groin flank, and based on initial tumor size measurements, were evenly divided into three cohorts for treatment with either PBS control, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-PD-1 or a combination of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-L2 (Figure 1A). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.