ETI treatment alone did, however, have a significant anti-inflammatory effect reducing IL-8, IL-6, CXCL1 and GM-CSF secretion in a TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory primary CF HBE cell model, which may translate to potentially useful inflammatory markers to investigate in serum, plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage of pwCF. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and cystic fibrosis.