SMAD2 and Hepatic fibrosis: Liu et al. (2024) demonstrated that nitazoxanide and tizoxanide activates AMPK, inhibits STAT3 and Smad2/3 activation, collagen I expression and secretion leading to inhibition of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride-induced and bile duct ligation in mice (Liu et al., 2024). Further, nitazoxanide was reported to activate AMPK in HepG2 cells, mitigate high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice and improve western diet-induced hepatic steatosis in Apoe−/− mice (Li et al., 2022); the authors recommended repurposing nitazoxanide for hepatic steatosis.