In terms of specific taxa, XHP notably enriched the c_Clostridia, o_Lachnospirales, f_Lachnospiraceae, and s_ Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, with Lachnospiraceae recognized for its protective role in the gut, including suppression of colitis and enhancement of CD8+ T cell immune surveillance, thereby potentially curbing CRC progression (Chen et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and colitis.