Importantly, post adjuvant injection, levels of TNF-α were also significantly higher in the arthritis control group compared with the normal control group (15.6 ± 3.7 pg/L and 156.6 ± 41.3 pg/L, respectively) (p < 0.001), confirming successful induction of the inflammatory response (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and arthritic joint disease.