TLR4 and ischemia reperfusion injury: Gong et al. demonstrated that miR-20a effectively protects cardiomyocytes by targeting TLR4 and inhibiting p38 MAPK/JNK signaling, reducing inflammatory responses in mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (54).MiR-214-3p was also found to target TLR4 and inhibit inflammatory response (55).MiRNAs regulate inflammatory signaling pathways and interact with immune-inflammatory responses.