TGFB1 and cystic fibrosis: Upstream regulator analysis on DEGs between WT and CF-derived centroacinar cells and centroacinar progenitors showed upregulation of TGF-β (p = 2.67E−55), WNT (p = 1.37E−37), and AKT (p = 4.41E−18) signaling (activation Z score >2) and inhibition of PTEN (p = 6.34E−21) only in CF centroacinar cells (activation Z score < −2) (Tables S9A and B) (Figures S5A and S5B).