As expected, pancreatic progenitor and endocrine specification transcription factors PDX1 (100-fold, p < 0.001), PAX6 (4-fold, p < 0.05), and NKX6.1 (5-fold, p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in CF PDE cultures (Figure 3D). This evidence concerns the gene NKX6-1 and cystic fibrosis.