Overall, the enhanced mesenchymal signatures in the bulk transcriptome of CF PDEs implicated changes to signaling pathways (BMP, TGF-β, and WNT) that also play important roles in cell fate decisions during pancreatic development and disease (Figures S2B, S2C, 2B, and 2C). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.