IGF1 and Laron syndrome: Therefore, building on previously reported mechanisms associated with SGA,2 we further systematically investigated whether these genes could be linked to SGA-associated diseases including maternal infectious diseases (malaria, Zika virus), fetal genetic disorders (Silver-Russell syndrome, temple syndrome), disorders of the growth hormone (GH) -IGF axis (GH deficiency, Laron syndrome), and disorders of affecting paracrine factors (hypochondroplasia, achondroplasia).