TNF and Behcet disease: Proinflammatory conditions in BD and increased intraocular cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or interleukin-17A (IL-17A) lead to endothelial permeability and induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [8,9,10,11,12,13].