Furthermore, it should be noted that the lactate/albumin ratio has also shown promise in specific subgroups of critically ill patients, such as those with heart failure [35], acute myocardial infarction [36], acute kidney injury undergoing renal replacement therapy [37], burn patients [38], as well as in pediatric septic shock patients with underlying chronic disease [39], suggesting that the lactate/albumin ratio is not only a general marker of critical illness severity, but also has condition-specific utility. Here, ALB is linked to heart failure.