TAT and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: The development of HAND is linked to synaptodendritic pruning and neuronal injury, caused by verotoxins (gp120, gp41, Tat, Vpr, Nef, and Rev), cytokines, and chemokines released by activated microglial cells, as well as increased extracellular glutamate, responsible for bioenergetic disturbances [11,13].