ALB and hypertensive disorder: For essential hypertension, the observed flow rates were 1.7–9644.74 cc/h for 0.9% normal saline, 3.4–9324.61 cc/h for Hartmann’s solution, 3.84–9474.83 cc/h for the plasma solution, 9.91–4462.15 cc/h for 6% hetastarch, and 9.87–6327.75 cc/h for 5% albumin.