Additionally, ROS play a role in both cancer-promoting and suppressing pathways by activating transcription factors such as NF-kB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and STAT3, while also regulating tumor suppressor genes like p53, Rb, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [69]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is cancer.