In the pathology of chronic liver diseases, hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages all secrete significant amounts of the angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [41,42,43]; in HCC tumours, the tumour cells themselves also release high levels of VEGF [44,45,46,47,48]. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.