TNF and neoplasm: Liposome-based nanomaterials, valued for their histocompatibility and modifiability, have also been used to deliver cytokines, for example, by delivering mRNAs encoding IL-12 and IL-27, to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), boosting IFN-γ and TNF-α levels and activating NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) [90].