INS and basal cell carcinoma: For the trait of sperm morphology abnormality, the top pathways encompass biological processes including VEGF signaling, long-term potentiation, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, insulin resistance, N-Glycan biosynthesis, FOXO signaling, basal cell carcinoma, antigen processing and presentation, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton (Table 6).