Mutations in various Z-disc-associated proteins have been reported in connection with DCM, including α-actinin 2 (ACTN2), Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (ANKRD1), Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), αB-Crystallin (CRYAB), LIM domain-binding protein 3 (LDB3), Myopalladin (MYPN), Nebulette (NEBL), Nexilin (NEXN), Telethonin (TCAP), Filamin C (FLNC), and Desmin (DES). This evidence concerns the gene ACTN2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.