Furthermore, CXCR4 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in rat chronic allograft nephropathy [45], consistent with another report suggesting CXCR4 involvement in the JAK/STAT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the UUO model [46]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome.