Although accumulating evidence from animal studies indicates that loss of the Irs2 gene leads to diabetes in mice due to a failure in B-cell function and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance [36,37], the role of IRS2 in the pathophysiology of human diabetes is not completely understood, and different gene expression patterns have been observed in diabetic patients depending of cell type, patients’ characteristics, and the epigenetic mechanisms involved [6,38,39]. This evidence concerns the gene IRS2 and diabetes mellitus.