Interestingly, the GDM-related decrease in leukocyte IRS1 gene expression observed in our study coincides with the results of a previous study showing IRS1 downregulation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from non-obese pregnancies complicated by GDM, suggesting that this change may not be unique to leukocytes in GDM [6]. The gene discussed is IRS1; the disease is gestational diabetes.