Additionally, numerous factors—including pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL and TNF-α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), an imbalance between vasodilation (NO) and vasoconstriction mediators, several zinc-dependent endopeptidases (matrix metalloproteinases, MMP) and growth factors (such as VEGF)—influence the progression of CA atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.