Thus, our study indicated changes in the expression of the genes Casp1, MEFV, and p65 in patients with FMF compared to healthy individuals, reinforcing earlier findings regarding the activation of the pyrin inflammasome in autoinflammatory conditions like FMF, and the absence of notable differences in NLRP3 expression between the two groups may indicate that the pyrin inflammasome plays a more prominent role than the NLRP3 inflammasome in this context. This evidence concerns the gene MEFV and familial Mediterranean fever.