VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Several common mutated genes in ccRCC have been identified, including VHL, polybromo 1 (PBRM1), SET domain containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase (SETD2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and tumor protein p53 (TP53) [19,20,21,22,23].