VDAC1 and major depressive disorder: Interestingly, we found that the levels of both TSPO (Figure 8A) and VDAC1 (Figure 8B) proteins were significantly reduced (TSPO 76.03 ± 4.94%, p = 0.0004; VDAC1 76.48 ± 3.92% p = 0.0028) in patients with MDD, pointing towards a potential involvement of TSPO in the development or cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and manifestation of MDD.