Stemness-related genes have been found, such as SOX2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2), NANOG (Nanog homeobox), and OCT4 (octamer-binding protein 4), along with the expression of the surface markers CD133+ and CD44+ and chemokine markers such as CXCR4 on cancer stem cells as stemness markers. Here, POU5F1 is linked to cancer.