TLR4 and inflammatory bowel disease: Although the precise pathogenesis of IBD remains to be fully elucidated, burgeoning research suggests that the modulation and perturbation of intestinal homeostasis are intricately linked to signaling pathways associated with IBD, such as the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), wingless/Wnt (Wnt/Wg), Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-κB), and Notch pathways [4].