GNAS and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: Additionally, reduced energy expenditure in patients with Gsα deficiency may be attributed to the impaired signaling of different GPCRs, such as β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), MC4R, and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRHR) [67].