INS and Alzheimer disease: Hyperinsulinemia has been associated with a higher risk of AD and promotes the amyloid beta pathology given that (i) insulin increases the secretion of amyloid beta, (ii) it also decreases its degradation given the competition of both insulin and amyloid beta for insulin-degrading enzyme, and (iii) amyloid beta competes with insulin for binding and activation of insulin receptors [742,743,744,745].