CTLA4 and melanoma: Despite the progressive increase in melanoma incidence, five-year survival rates have significantly improved due to early diagnosis and advances in treatment with targeted therapies, such as B-Raf Proto-Oncogene (BRAF) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK) inhibitors, and immunotherapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors like anti-Programed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), anti-Programed Cell Death Protein Ligand-1 (PD-L1), anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), and anti- Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3).