In summary, 18.86% (73 out of 387) of the analyzed European CLL cases (Austria/Spain/Germany) and 16.67% of the European healthy controls (16 out of 96) have the ancient/recent NOTCH2*1A01/*1a4 haplotype combination (Figure 4). The gene discussed is NOTCH2; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.