CX3CL1 and Alzheimer disease: Fourth, analyzing inflammatory mediators like cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), chemokines (e.g., fractalkine), and AD biomarkers (e.g., Aβ40, Aβ42) in the synovial fluid from the affected joints in OA patients would reflect the local environment within the OA joint.