The findings in our study align with previous research, suggesting that copy number variations (CNVs) in RNF115, CTSK, S100A1, MUC1, RAB25 [50,51], ANGPTL1 [50], MTF2 [52], TMED5 [52], MCOLN2 [50], MCOLN3 [50], LAPTM5 [50], and NBL1 [53,54] could be valuable biomarkers for distinguishing benign RO from malignant ChRCC, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Here, S100A1 is linked to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.