Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), another predominant constituent of the extract, for instance, has also demonstrated neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo in several models of neurodegenerative diseases that could be linked to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as activation of BDNF and the MAPK cascade [89,90,91]. Here, BDNF is linked to neurodegenerative disease.