Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis showed that piperine had a neuroprotective effect in an SNCA/α-synuclein-induced PD model, by promoting autophagy through P2RX4 activation and attenuating olfactory deficits and delayed locomotor deficits in Thy1-SNCA transgenic mice [92] (Table 2). Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.