TNF and infection: Long-term nutritional disorders after COVID-19 may be caused by several factors, including decreased nutrient intake due to anorexia nervosa [42], accelerated proteolysis resulting from elevated levels of various inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factors [43], increased resting energy expenditure [44], and decreased nutrient intake and malabsorption associated with gastrointestinal symptoms among post-infection sequelae [45].