ATG5 and hydrops fetalis: However, there are contrasting findings, such as Zhang et al., who noted a decrease in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, reflecting diminished autophagosome formation in HFD-induced obesity [60], and Sakane et al., who observed no changes in autophagosome formation markers like Atg5, Lc3, and Beclin1in HF diet-fed mice [61].