Bian et al. demonstrated that oral A. muciniphila administration exerts a protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by reducing proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-12A and elevating immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in the serum [30]. Here, TNF is linked to ulcerative colitis.