INS and diabetes mellitus: The supplementation of dietary pigment betanin can offer an effective approach for the management of type 2 diabetes, as it has been demonstrated to ameliorate the effect of betanin by modulating hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities and glycogen content in a diabetes rodent model caused by streptozotocin and nicotinamide administration, utilizing peripheral glucose and improving insulin secretion through the regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells [64].