In an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation using cultured Caco-2 cells (a cell line derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma), three betalains (betanin, vulgaxanthin I, and indicaxanthin) presented a significant downregulation of inflammatory enzymes/molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 [26]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is colorectal adenocarcinoma.