IL6 and cancer: This is attributed to the impairment of T-cell activation and the subsequent stimulation of the production of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are pivotal in the pathogenesis of both cancer and OSF [47,48].