CCN2 and hypertensive disorder: The proliferated myofibroblasts in VSMCs secrete a number of vasoactive substances, such as alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), TGF-β1, periostin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (Comp), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and collagen I, which, collectively, affect the medial tone of VSMCs and eventually result in vascular remodeling and hypertension [75,76].