(1) PTPN22 has a dual context-dependent role:-in acute gut inflammation, PTPN22 together with IL-10 is a repressor of inflammtory response; PTPN22 minus IL-10 is a promoter-during chronic inflammation, PTPN22 promotes gut inflammation irrespective of the presence of IL-10(2) protections from systemic and gastrointestinal inflammation(3) autophagy regulation(4) inflammasoma regulation. The gene discussed is PTPN22; the disease is inflammation.