NK cells primarily produce Th1-type cytokines [28,29] such as IFN-γ, TNF, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in response to tumor ligands and intracellular pathogens, promoting the activation of immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.