Methods: Total protein was extracted from surgical samples of patients with primary and recurrent pterygium, and the levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pterygium.