CD274 and neoplasm: These findings suggest that the surgical technique may not significantly influence survival, which is more likely determined by factors such as patient comorbidities, nutritional status at diagnosis, tumor stage and grade, histological variants, postoperative complications, lymphatic invasion, genetic susceptibility, molecular expression (including HER2 and PD-L1), mismatch repair, and microsatellite instability status, along with responsiveness to perioperative treatments [61].