HAMP and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of hepcidin and hepcidin-regulating genes (i.e., transferrin receptor (TFR) 1 and 2, hemojuvelin, and BMP6 have been associated with the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [40], and high hepcidin expression in pancreatic cancer tissue is a prognostic factor of OS in patients with such a malignancy [41].