TBK1 and neoplasm: Some studies have also found BRCA1 PVs to be associated with higher levels of PD-L1/PD-1 expression [67], while others have found certain TP53 mutations cause binding of p53 to TBK1, inactivating the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway and furthering the immunosuppressive state of the tumour microenvironment [68].