Additionally, mesenchymal and fibrotic markers, such as α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, submesothelial thickness, E-cadherin, fibronectin, and Snail, as well as cytokines and chemokines, including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), were evaluated to assess the efficacy of MSCs in treating animal models of PF. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pemphigus foliaceus.