APOL1 and chronic kidney disease: Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk genotype is a well-established cause of primary glomerular disease and a progression factor in CKD associated with other etiologies such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sickle cell disease, and SLE in people of recent African ancestry.1,2APOL1 kidney disease, APOL1-associated kidney disease, and APOL1-mediated kidney disease are umbrella terms encompassing several kidney disease phenotypes with differing etiologies and contributory factors, all with a common element of the presence of APOL1 G1 and/or G2 alleles.