In the iOL cluster, we identified 1,653 DEGs, including 9 AD GWAS genes namely, RTN1, VSNL1, SORL1, COX7C, ANK3, ALCAM, ADAM10, IGF1R and MGMT (Fig. 4C, 4D, Table S18). The gene discussed is IGF1R; the disease is Alzheimer disease.