HLA-A and Epstein-Barr virus infection: Specifically, by means of EBV activation in BL cell lines, transduction of individual EBV genes into EBV− tumor cell lines, or EBV infection of primary B cells, it has been demonstrated that expression of AMP and HLA class I is stimulated by the latent LMP1 protein while the opposite effect is exerted by various lytic proteins and ncRNAs, with cell-surface HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules being drastically downregulated following entry into the lytic phase [reviewed in Ref (51).].