TLR1 variations increase the risk of candidemia,144 whereas polymorphisms in TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6 are associated with aspergillosis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.145 TLRs can also activate signaling cascades via the TRIF and Myd88 pathways, leading to NF-κB nuclear translocation and the transcription of proinflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The gene discussed is TLR1; the disease is aspergillosis.